In infection prevention, are alcohol-based disinfectants appropriate for surface disinfection?

• A. Yes when used at appropriate concentrations
• B. No
• C. Only on non-porous surfaces
• D. Only in hand sanitizers

Answer: (A)

Alcohol-based disinfectants can be used for surface disinfection when they are applied at the right concentration and given sufficient contact time. The alcohol works by denaturing proteins and disrupting lipid membranes, but effectiveness depends on having enough water in the solution. About 60–90% alcohol is generally effective, with around 70% often preferred because a small amount of water aids tissue penetration and protein denaturation; pure, 100% alcohol evaporates too quickly and is less effective. The surface must stay wet for the recommended contact time; otherwise, pathogens may survive even if the product is applied correctly. These disinfectants work well on many non‑porous surfaces and are effective against a broad range of bacteria and enveloped viruses, but they are less reliable against some non‑enveloped viruses and spores, and can be less effective on porous or rough surfaces. They are not exclusive to hand sanitizers; they are also used for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces when used properly.